The Chasm is an expansive area in Liyue that has been a part of Genshin Impact lore since the game first launched. It's a unique area, much like Dragonspine, with its own unique mechanics. Unlike Inazuma though, getting into The Chasm isn't a complex process.
You need to walk right into The Chasm once you get to Liyue. While there is a quest associated with The Chasm now, it doesn't seem to be necessary to access the area. This means that even players who have just started the game can start poking around in the strange mining area.
Related: How to complete the Stolen, by the Rightful Owner World Quest in Genshin Impact
Part of The Chasm is locked behind a quest, and you will need to complete it to explore the whole area. This quest is The Chasm Delvers, but it doesn't seem to be available if you aren't Adventure Rank 28 and you haven't finished the Mondstadt chapter. Keep in mind that you can still explore the outer Chasm at anytime.
For more on Genshin Impact, check out How to complete the Stolen, by the Rightful Owner World Quest in Genshin Impact on Pro Game Guides!